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The Internet of things is a network that connects individual devices that each have their own specific purpose. Smart home products often will connect to a central hub or “gateway”, but not always. Many devices come with their own specific app, where the user can use and monitor the device directly on their smartphone or tablet. In certain smart home cases, there may still be a wall-mounted interface.
Sun et al. prepared two wood materials with superior friction properties by chemical modification to fabricate an all-wood TENG (Fig.7c) . The voltage output of TENG prepared from modified wood is 80 times higher than that of pure wood. In addition to supplying power for simple equipment, the proposed TENG can also supply power for smart electrochromic windows to adjust sunlight transmittance and save energy for the indoor lighting. In the intelligent transportation applications, TENG-based self-powered sensors/systems can be placed on vehicles/trains/ships or roads/bridges/tunnels, playing an important role in safety protection and early warning .
Enhanced security
First, it is woven from PTFE yarn, which has good acid and alkali resistance compared with ordinary fabrics. Second, it can be used for self-powered chemical-leakage monitoring, which can produce distinct signals when chemical droplets contact the hydrophobic yarn in core–shell structure. Third, the smart laboratory-coat can provide vital signs and motion monitoring to detect operator’s status in hazardous work environment. Fourth, as shown in Fig.4c, tapping single-electrode TENG yarn on the protective clothing can realize real-time remote alarm. Hybrid nanogenerators with different types of energy-harvesting strategies provide an effective means to solve this problem. The electromagnetic generator has a higher output current, while TENG exhibits higher output voltage under the same mechanical input.
These subtle features hidden behind the real-time signal spectrum could be automatically extracted for AI applications, e.g., gesture recognition , texture recognition , object classification , VR , and digital twins . Besides, ML also provides an important data analysis tool for processing/analyzing the sensing signals detected by TENG, inspiring a promising research and development direction to the IoTs applications . By adjusting temperatures according to needs in real time, a smart thermostat can reduce electricity use and save money.
Nanogenerator
They can let you know when your laundry is done, when the temperature in your home is too high, or cue up your favorite football match the moment you walk in the door. Hence the term “of things”, because instead of us communicating directly with specific devices, in this case the devices “talk” amongst themselves. The Internet of Things also includes wide-ranging network with enormous amounts of data, all of it included in an ever-expanding IoT ecosystem.
Although the two are very different paradigms, they are not contradictory technologies; They complement each other. Today, technology has evolved manifolds, and no part of life is untouched by it. From finance to entertainment, cooking to travelling, everything has been made easy with technology. Reminders, alarms, automated functions, pre-timed tasks, have transformed how our daily lives function. Smart plugs enable simple on/off control and automation of appliances like lamps, fans, coffee makers, and humidifiers .
Benefits of Internet of Things for smart home
Besides, TENG itself can also be used as a self-powered sensor for various applications. Moreover, the applications of TENG sensors in smart IoTs have always been the main subject. The studies on the combination of AI technology based on TENG and IoTs are still in the early stage and need to be given with further attention. With a wide range of material choices and diverse structural designs, the smart sensing technology based on TENG has been widely studied because of its great potential in the construction of IoTs-related smart applications in this 5G era. With the assistance of ML, AI technology has been introduced into the IoTs, which provides a promising research direction for the development of IoT technology. Real-world examples of cloud computing include antivirus applications, online data storage, data analysis, email applications, digital video software, online meeting applications, etc.
Smart windows in house are another importance research area to intelligent life. Wang et al. reported a triboelectric potential modulated smart window, which combines rotary FS mode TENG and polymer network liquid crystal units . When applying an alternating electric field generated by TENG, the transparent smart window will become opaque immediately. The switching state between ultra-transparent and ultra-blur has been used for privacy protection. Recently, their group has further developed a smart window based on elaborately tailored cholesteric liquid crystal and TENG . The smart window can be momentarily powered up to remain hazy and then disconnected and restored to a transparent state by pressure loading.
An IoT home has all the capabilities of a smart home but with even greater capabilities. For example, in an IoT home you could have all your kitchen appliances connected to the Internet so that you could receive alerts if their filters need to be changed or if they need maintenance. A refrigerator might send you a notification when you are low on milk or eggs. With smart appliances, you can now run the dishwasher or washing machine when electricity is at its cheapest, not only saving you money but also cutting down on greenhouse gases. IoT therefore encapsulates everything from smartphones to smart watches, connected toasters to autonomous farming equipment, your favorite wearable fitness tracker to your smart thermostat at home. Take the contact-separation mode TENG as an example, the working mechanism of TENG is mainly explained according to the theory of triboelectric effect and electrostatic induction.
B Application prospect of the F-TENG in self-powered intelligent fire protection systems . Over the years, IoT and cloud computing have contributed to implementing many application scenarios such as smart transportation, cities and communities, homes, the environment, and healthcare. Another example is a smart traffic camera that can monitor congestion and accidents.
Because of the difference in writing pressure, speed, acceleration, etc., the handwriting signal presents unique characteristics. As shown in Fig.13a, for the multi-classification problem, the multi-classification model relying on SVM-based decision tree was employed as the preferred classifier. The tenfold cross-check method was used for training and testing the SVDMT to validate the effectiveness of the handwriting recognition system. The results in Fig.13a clearly showed that all test data of the English word “nano” were correctly identified. Tcho et al. developed the character recognition TENGs (CR-TENGs) using neural networks, and the schematic illustration of the overall character recognition operation is shown in Fig.13b . When there is digital input, digital images of paper patterns can be obtained through the different output voltages from each cell.
You can get real-time entrance to data and facts stored far away from your current position. It is feasible because of the network of gadgets, allowing anyone to receive any data from anywhere on the planet. IoT answers for brilliant homes stay costly, and not every person can bear their cost.
At the same time, the movement of the piston drives the movement of the flywheel, and the disk TENG can generate AC output due to the contact electrification between PTFE and aluminum electrodes. During this process, the hybridized disk TENG and EMG realize the conversion from mechanical energy to electrical energy assisted the wasted heat recovery. When the HEHS was operated, the advantages of EMG and TENG complement each other to obtain high output voltage and high output current. When the same heat energy was applied to each nanogenerator, the EMG, TENG, and HEHS can generate the electrical energy of 1.63, 8.55, and 23.65 μJ, respectively. The results demonstrated that the HEHS has potential application in heat recovery systems in industrial field. In addition to TENG for heat recovery, it is reported that TENG can also be used for self-powered modern industrial monitoring.
Systems like August lock or TP-Link camera for household security are the usual part of a connected home kit. Enhanced security is a smart home benefit early adopters favor the most. However, smart locks and surveillance cameras are not the only tools to improve the security of households. No wonder, as only 12–16% of households use IoT smart home products in the U.S. According to some sources, around two-thirds of consumers are likely to purchase smart home IoT devices in 2022. McKinsey Global Institute predicts massive value growth for the Internet of Things ($11.1 trillion annually by 2025).
For example, you can create an applet to have your smart lights turn red when your favorite football team wins, or you can have a smart plug turn on when a motion sensor is triggered. As long as your devices are connected to the internet via Wi-Fi and are IFTTT-enabled, you can have them respond to things like changes in the weather, Facebook posts, and more. At Digiteum, we have developed a complex system for electricity consumption monitoring and control. This system allows household residents to remotely control the sockets in their homes, track power consumption and calculate spending on electricity in real time.
IoT provides businesses with real-time insights into everything from everyday operations to the performance of machines and logistics and supply chains. There are two types of models in cloud computing called the deployment model and service model. In the present times, home automation commonly uses Zigbee and Z wave as the communication protocol. Z wave offers a range of 30 meters, while Zigbee has a radius of 10 meters. Both these protocols employ mesh network technologies, low power radio signal, short-range to connect to smart home networks.
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